20. Gains/(losses) on financial transactions

Accounting policies

The net gain/(loss) on financial transactions includes gains and losses arising from disposal of financial instruments designated as financial assets / liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss and the effect of their measurement at fair value. This item also includes the ineffective portion of cash flow hedges in the case of hedging strategies in which IRS contracts are the hedging instrument, as well as gains and losses on the hedging instrument and hedged item relating to the hedged risk (fair value hedges).

Financial information

GAINS/(LOSSES) ON FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS 2023 2022
Financial instruments held for trading, of which: 114 400
Derivatives1 93 400
Equity instruments 4 (2)
Debt securities 16 2
Other 1
Financial instruments not held for trading, measured at fair value through profit or loss, of which: 62 (26)
Equity instruments 99 11
Debt securities 10 8
Loans and advances to customers (47) (45)
Hedge accounting (9) (16)
Total 167 358
1 Of which due to stock options and stock exchange indices PLN 86 million (in 2022 - PLN 212 million) and IRS: PLN 66 million (in 2022 - PLN 145 million).